[Solution] Process Perspectives on Motivation
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Author: Sarah Bennett
Why Do Individuals Choose Certain Behaviors?
The process perspectives on motivation focus on why people choose to meet their needs in one way and not another, as well as how people assess how satisfied they are. Three process perspectives are the expectancy, equity, and goal-setting theories.
Expectancy Theory
Expectancy theory proposes that motivation depends on three factors:
- Effort-to-performance expectancy: Probability that effort leads to high performance
- Performance-to-outcome expectancy: Probability that performance leads to specific outcomes
- Valence: How much the individual values potential outcomes
A variation on expectancy theory, the , proposes that high performance, in combination with rewards the employee perceives as fair, leads to greater job satisfaction.
According to expectancy theory, if an employee has high effort-to-performance expectancy, what does the employee believe?
- There is a high probability that the employee's hard work will produce good results for the organization.
- The outcome that results from high performance will be a reward that the employee desires.
- There is a high probability that an employee who achieves good results for the organization will generate a certain outcome.
The idea that employees choose their behavior based on conscious goals and intentions, and that they are more motivated by challenging, specific goals, is .
"The team's goal is to build 10 web pages on the new template in 5 days." Which component of the goal-setting theory does this statement address?
- Goal commitment
- Goal difficulty
- Goal specificity
- Goal acceptance
